Cracking the coding interview--Q9.5

Hawstein | January 20, 2013

题目

原文:

Given a sorted array of strings which is interspersed with empty strings, write a method to find the location of a given string.

Example: find “ball” in [“at”, “”, “”, “”, “ball”, “”, “”, “car”, “”,“”, “dad”, “”, “”] will return 4

Example: find “ballcar” in [“at”, “”, “”, “”, “”, “ball”, “car”, “”, “”, “dad”, “”, “”] will return -1

译文:

给你一个排好序的并且穿插有空字符串的字符串数组,写一个函数找到给定字符串的位置。

例子:在字符串数组 [“at”, “”, “”, “”, “ball”, “”, “”, “car”, “”,“”, “dad”, “”, “”] 中找到”ball”,返回下标4.

例子:在字符串数组 [“at”, “”, “”, “”, “”, “ball”, “car”, “”, “”, “dad”, “”, “”] 中找到”ballcar”,查找失败,返回-1.

解答

字符串数组已经是有序的了,所以,还是可以利用二分查找来找到指定的字符串。 当然了,由于数组中有空字符串,因此还要加些额外的处理,否则无法对比大小。 我们可以这样来处理,如果要对比的那个元素为空字符串,就一直向右移动, 直到字符串不为空或是位置已经超出了high下标。如果位置已经超出high下标, 就在[low, mid-1]这一段查找;如果没有超出high下标,那就和要查找的x进行对比。 相等时返回下标,不等时再根据比较出的大小决定到哪一半去查找。

代码如下:

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#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int search(string s[], int low, int high, string x){
    if(x == "") return -1;	
    while(low <= high){
        int mid = (low+high)>>1;
        int t = mid;
        while(s[t] == "" && t <= high) ++t;
        if(t > high) high = mid - 1;
        else{
            if(s[t] == x) return t;
            else if(s[t] < x) low = t + 1;
            else high = mid - 1; //or t-1
        }
    }
    return -1;
}
int main(){
    string s[13] = {
        "at", "", "", "", "ball", "", "", "car", "", "", "dad", "", ""
    };
    cout<<search(s, 0, 12, "ball")<<endl;
    return 0;
}

全书题解目录:

Cracking the coding interview–问题与解答

全书的C++代码托管在Github上:

https://github.com/Hawstein/cracking-the-coding-interview

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出处:http://hawstein.com/2013/01/20/9.5/